Stars: what they are, sentence 10
Stars twinkle because their light passes through moving layers of air of different temperatures that bend it this way and that.
Who acts: Stars, light, different temperatures, nuclei · What happens: twinkle, pass, move, bend, light · To what, where: moving layers, star
This is a sentence of the lesson «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, light, different temperatures, nuclei), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 twinkle | nsubj |
| 2 | twinkle | twinkle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 6 passes | mark |
| 4 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 light | nmod:poss |
| 5 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 passes | nsubj |
| 6 | passes | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 twinkle | advcl |
| 7 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 layers | case |
| 8 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 layers | amod |
| 9 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 passes | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 air | case |
| 11 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 layers | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 temperatures | case |
| 13 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 temperatures | amod |
| 14 | temperatures | temperature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 air | nmod |
| 15 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 bend | nsubj |
| 16 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 temperatures | acl:relcl |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 bend | obj |
| 18 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 way | det |
| 19 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 bend | obl:unmarked |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 that | cc |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 19 way | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 twinkle | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | twinkle | present | Stars | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | pass | present | nuclei's light | moving layers of air of different temperatures | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through layer=Location | ||||
| 3 | move | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | bend | present | different temperatures | star | this way obl:unmarked | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material | |||
| 5 | light | nuclei = nucleus | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:017-stars-what-they-are.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/10/