Stars: what they are, sentence 3

Stars twinkle because their light passes through moving layers of warm and cool air that bend it this way and that, like a coin at the bottom of a wobbling pool.

Who acts: Stars, light, moving layers, hydrogen · What happens: twinkle, pass, move, bend, wobble, light · To what, where: moving layers, star

This is a sentence of the lesson «Stars: what they are» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stars, light, moving layers, hydrogen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stars	star	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 twinkle	nsubj
2	twinkle	twinkle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 passes	mark
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 light	nmod:poss
5	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 passes	nsubj
6	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 twinkle	advcl
7	through	through	ADP	_	9 layers	case
8	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 layers	amod
9	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 passes	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	14 air	case
11	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 air	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 cool	cc
13	cool	cool	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 warm	conj
14	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 layers	nmod
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 bend	nsubj
16	bend	bend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 layers	acl:relcl
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 bend	obj
18	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	19 way	det
19	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bend	obl:unmarked
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 that	cc
21	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	19 way	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 coin	punct
23	like	like	ADP	_	25 coin	case
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 coin	det
25	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 bend	parataxis
26	at	at	ADP	_	28 bottom	case
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 bottom	det
28	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 coin	nmod
29	of	of	ADP	_	32 pool	case
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 pool	det
31	wobbling	wobble	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	32 pool	amod
32	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 bottom	nmod
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 twinkle	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	twinkle	present	Stars				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	pass	present	hydrogen's light		moving layers of warm air		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through layer=Location
3	move	gerund					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	bend	present	moving layers of warm air	star		this way obl:unmarked	vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent it=Material
5	wobble	gerund					vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	light		hydrogen				nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:017-stars-what-they-are.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/17-stars-what-they-are/3/