How stars live, sentence 0
Stars are born inside huge, cold clouds of gas and dust called nebulae: a clump collapses under its own gravity, heats up and glows as a protostar hidden in dust, until fusion switches on in its core.
Who acts: huge cold clouds, clump, fusion · What happens: bear, call, collapse, heat up, glow, hide · To what, where: Stars, nebulae, own gravity, protostar, dust, core · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How stars live» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (huge cold clouds, clump, fusion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 born | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 born | aux:pass |
| 3 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 3 born | advmod |
| 5 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 clouds | amod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 huge | punct |
| 7 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 clouds | amod |
| 8 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 born | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 gas | case |
| 10 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 clouds | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 dust | cc |
| 12 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gas | conj |
| 13 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 clouds | acl |
| 14 | nebulae | nebula | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 called | xcomp |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 collapses | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 clump | det |
| 17 | clump | clump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 collapses | nsubj |
| 18 | collapses | collapse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 born | parataxis |
| 19 | under | under | ADP | _ | 22 gravity | case |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 gravity | nmod:poss |
| 21 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 gravity | amod |
| 22 | gravity | gravity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 collapses | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 heats | punct |
| 24 | heats | heat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 collapses | conj |
| 25 | up | up | ADP | _ | 24 heats | compound:prt |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 glows | cc |
| 27 | glows | glow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 heats | conj |
| 28 | as | as | ADP | _ | 30 protostar | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 protostar | det |
| 30 | protostar | protostar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 glows | obl |
| 31 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 protostar | acl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 dust | case |
| 33 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 hidden | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 switches | punct |
| 35 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 37 switches | mark |
| 36 | fusion | fusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 switches | nsubj |
| 37 | switches | switch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 collapses | conj |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 37 switches | compound:prt |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 core | case |
| 40 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 41 core | nmod:poss |
| 41 | core | core | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 switches | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 born | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · passive | Stars | huge cold clouds of gas and dust obl; inside property | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | huge cold clouds of gas and dust not said here | nebulae | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | collapse | present | a clump | clump's own gravity | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | heat up | present | a clump not said here | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | glow | present | a clump not said here | as a protostar | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | hide | participle | a protostar not said here | dust | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in dust=Location | ||||
| 7 | switch on | present | fusion | clump's core | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 8 | cloud | gas and dust | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:018-how-stars-live.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/18-how-stars-live/0/