Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring, sentence 1
The evening sky changes through the year because the Earth goes round the Sun, so at night we face a different part of space each season, like children on a roundabout seeing different faces in the crowd as they go round.
Who acts: evening sky, Earth, we, roundabout, faces · What happens: change, go, face, see, go round · To what, where: Sun, different part, different faces, crowd
This is a sentence of the lesson «Constellations and the night sky in winter and spring» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (evening sky, Earth, we, roundabout), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 sky | det |
| 2 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sky | compound |
| 3 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changes | nsubj |
| 4 | changes | change | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 year | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 year | det |
| 7 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 changes | obl |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 goes | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Earth | det |
| 10 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 goes | nsubj |
| 11 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 changes | advcl |
| 12 | round | round | ADP | _ | 14 Sun | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Sun | det |
| 14 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 goes | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 face | punct |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 20 face | advmod |
| 17 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 night | case |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | obl |
| 19 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 face | nsubj |
| 20 | face | face | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 changes | parataxis |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 part | det |
| 22 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 part | amod |
| 23 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 space | case |
| 25 | space | space | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 part | nmod |
| 26 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 season | det |
| 27 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 face | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 children | punct |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 children | case |
| 30 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 face | obl |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 33 roundabout | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 roundabout | det |
| 33 | roundabout | roundabout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 children | nmod |
| 34 | seeing | see | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 roundabout | acl |
| 35 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 faces | amod |
| 36 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 seeing | obj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 crowd | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 crowd | det |
| 39 | crowd | crowd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 seeing | obl |
| 40 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 42 go | mark |
| 41 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 go | nsubj |
| 42 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 seeing | advcl |
| 43 | round | round | ADV | _ | 42 go | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 changes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | change | present | the evening sky | year | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | go | present | the Earth | the Sun | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round sun=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | face | present | we | a different part of space | night; season | like children on a roundabout | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent part=Destination | ||
| 4 | see | gerund | a roundabout not said here | different faces | the crowd | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | go round | present | faces = face | round property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:020-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/20-constellations-and-the-night-sky-in-winter-and-spring/1/