Galaxies and the Big Bang, sentence 0
Just a hundred years ago many astronomers thought our Milky Way was the whole universe, until Edwin Hubble showed that faint "nebulae" were other galaxies far away.
Who acts: many astronomers, Milky Way, Edwin, faint · What happens: think, be, show · To what, where: whole universe, other galaxies · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many astronomers, Milky Way, Edwin, faint), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Just | just | ADV | _ | 4 years | advmod |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 years | det |
| 3 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 years | nummod |
| 4 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 8 thought | advmod |
| 6 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 astronomers | amod |
| 7 | astronomers | astronomer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 thought | nsubj |
| 8 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 Way | nmod:poss |
| 10 | Milky | milky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 Way | amod |
| 11 | Way | Way | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 universe | nsubj |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 universe | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 universe | det |
| 14 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 universe | amod |
| 15 | universe | universe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 thought | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 showed | punct |
| 17 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 20 showed | mark |
| 18 | Edwin | Edwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 showed | nsubj |
| 19 | Hubble | Hubble | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Edwin | flat |
| 20 | showed | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 thought | advcl |
| 21 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 28 galaxies | mark |
| 22 | faint | faint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 galaxies | nsubj |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 nebulae | punct |
| 24 | nebulae | nebula | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 faint | appos |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 nebulae | punct |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 galaxies | cop |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 galaxies | amod |
| 28 | galaxies | galaxy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 showed | ccomp |
| 29 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 away | advmod |
| 30 | away | away | ADV | _ | 28 galaxies | advmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | past | many astronomers | ago property | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | our Milky Way | the whole universe | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | show | past | Edwin | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | faint | other galaxies | away property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/0/