Galaxies and the Big Bang, sentence 10

About 13.8 billion years ago the universe was extremely hot and dense, and it has been expanding and cooling ever since; this is the Big Bang theory.

Who acts: universe, this · What happens: be, expand, cool · To what, where: Bang theory

This is a sentence of the lesson «Galaxies and the Big Bang» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (universe, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	About	about	ADV	_	3 billion	advmod
2	13.8	13.8	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Frac	3 billion	compound
3	billion	billion	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 years	nummod
4	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 hot	obl:unmarked
5	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 years	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 universe	det
7	universe	universe	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hot	nsubj
8	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	10 hot	cop
9	extremely	extremely	ADV	_	10 hot	advmod
10	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 dense	cc
12	dense	dense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hot	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 expanding	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 expanding	cc
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 expanding	nsubj
16	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 expanding	aux
17	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 expanding	aux
18	expanding	expand	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	10 hot	conj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 cooling	cc
20	cooling	cool	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	18 expanding	conj
21	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	18 expanding	advmod
22	since	since	SCONJ	_	21 ever	fixed
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 theory	punct
24	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	29 theory	nsubj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 theory	cop
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 theory	det
27	Big	Big	PROPN	_	28 Bang	compound
28	Bang	Bang	PROPN	Number=Sing	29 theory	compound
29	theory	theory	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 hot	parataxis
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 hot	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	the universe		year	extremely, hot property	tree rules
2	be		the universe not said here				tree rules
3	expand	present · perfect · progressive	universe		ever		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	cool	gerund	universe not said here				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	is a	present	this	the Bang theory			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:024-galaxies-and-the-big-bang.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/24-galaxies-and-the-big-bang/10/