Black holes, sentence 18
Hawking's leaking, called Hawking radiation, has never been directly observed, because it is far too faint.
Who acts: leaking · What happens: call, not observe, be · To what, where: Hawking radiation, leaking · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hawking | hawk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 leaking | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Hawking | case |
| 3 | leaking | leak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 observed | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 leaking | punct |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 leaking | acl |
| 6 | Hawking | hawk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 radiation | compound |
| 7 | radiation | radiation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 called | xcomp |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 observed | punct |
| 9 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 observed | aux |
| 10 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 13 observed | advmod |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 observed | aux:pass |
| 12 | directly | directly | ADV | _ | 13 observed | advmod |
| 13 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 observed | punct |
| 15 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 20 faint | mark |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 faint | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 faint | cop |
| 18 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 20 faint | advmod |
| 19 | too | too | ADV | _ | 20 faint | advmod |
| 20 | faint | faint | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 observed | advcl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 observed | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | Hawking's leaking not said here | Hawking radiation | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | not observe | present · perfect · passive | Hawking's leaking | directly property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 3 | is | present | leaking = leak | faint, far property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:025-black-holes.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/18/