Black holes, sentence 17
In 1974 Stephen Hawking calculated that black holes should slowly leak tiny amounts of energy and, over unimaginably long times, evaporate.
Who acts: Stephen, black holes · What happens: calculate, leak, evaporate, amount · To what, where: 1974, tiny amounts, energy
This is a sentence of the lesson «Black holes» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stephen, black holes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1974 | case |
| 2 | 1974 | 1974 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 calculated | obl |
| 3 | Stephen | Stephen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 calculated | nsubj |
| 4 | Hawking | Hawking | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Stephen | flat |
| 5 | calculated | calculate | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 leak | mark |
| 7 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 holes | amod |
| 8 | holes | hole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leak | nsubj |
| 9 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 leak | aux |
| 10 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 11 leak | advmod |
| 11 | leak | leak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 calculated | ccomp |
| 12 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 amounts | amod |
| 13 | amounts | amount | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 leak | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 energy | case |
| 15 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 amounts | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 evaporate | cc |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 and | punct |
| 18 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 times | case |
| 19 | unimaginably | unimaginably | ADV | _ | 20 long | advmod |
| 20 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 times | amod |
| 21 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 evaporate | obl:unmarked |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 evaporate | punct |
| 23 | evaporate | evaporate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 leak | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 calculated | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | calculate | past | Stephen | 1974 | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | leak | should | black holes | tiny amounts of energy | slowly property | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location amount=Source | |||
| 3 | evaporate | infinitive | black holes not said here | time | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | amount | energy | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:025-black-holes.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/25-black-holes/17/