How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 17
Astronomers can weigh the Sun by using how fast Earth goes round it and how far away it is: the heavier the Sun, the harder it pulls and the faster Earth must go round.
Who acts: Astronomers, Earth, star, faster Earth · What happens: weigh, use, go, be, pull, go round · To what, where: Sun, star
This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Astronomers, Earth, star, faster Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Astronomers | astronomer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 weigh | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 weigh | aux |
| 3 | weigh | weigh | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Sun | det |
| 5 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 weigh | obj |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 using | mark |
| 7 | using | use | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 weigh | advcl |
| 8 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 9 fast | advmod |
| 9 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 goes | advmod |
| 10 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 goes | nsubj |
| 11 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 using | ccomp |
| 12 | round | round | ADP | _ | 13 it | case |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 goes | obl |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 heavier | cc |
| 15 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 far | advmod |
| 16 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 heavier | advmod |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 far | advmod |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 heavier | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 heavier | cop |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 heavier | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 heavier | det |
| 22 | heavier | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 weigh | parataxis |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Sun | det |
| 24 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 heavier | nsubj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 heavier | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 pulls | det |
| 27 | harder | hard | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 29 pulls | advmod |
| 28 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 pulls | nsubj |
| 29 | pulls | pull | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 heavier | advcl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 go | cc |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Earth | det |
| 32 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 33 Earth | amod |
| 33 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 go | nsubj |
| 34 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 go | aux |
| 35 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 heavier | conj |
| 36 | round | round | ADV | _ | 35 go | advmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 weigh | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | weigh | can | Astronomers | the Sun | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme sun=Value | ||||
| 2 | use | gerund | Astronomers not said here | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | go | present | Earth | star | fast property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round it=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | is | present | star | far, heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | pull | present | star | hard property | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | go round | must | the faster Earth | round property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:17.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/17/