How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 4
Split starlight into a rainbow with a prism and you see thin dark lines, like a barcode: each element (a basic kind of stuff, like hydrogen, helium or iron) leaves its own lines, so we can tell what a star is made of.
Who acts: you, element, we · What happens: split, see, leave, tell, make · To what, where: starlight, rainbow, thin dark lines, own lines, star · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, element, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Split | split | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | starlight | starlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Split | obj |
| 3 | into | into | ADP | _ | 5 rainbow | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 rainbow | det |
| 5 | rainbow | rainbow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Split | obl |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 prism | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 prism | det |
| 8 | prism | prism | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rainbow | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 see | cc |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 11 see | nsubj |
| 11 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Split | conj |
| 12 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 lines | amod |
| 13 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 lines | amod |
| 14 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 see | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 barcode | punct |
| 16 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 barcode | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 barcode | det |
| 18 | barcode | barcode | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lines | nmod |
| 19 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 36 leaves | punct |
| 20 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 21 element | det |
| 21 | element | element | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 leaves | nsubj |
| 22 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 kind | punct |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 kind | det |
| 24 | basic | basic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 kind | amod |
| 25 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 element | appos |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 stuff | case |
| 27 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 kind | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 hydrogen | punct |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 hydrogen | case |
| 30 | hydrogen | hydrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 kind | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 helium | punct |
| 32 | helium | helium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hydrogen | conj |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 iron | cc |
| 34 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 kind | conj |
| 35 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 kind | punct |
| 36 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Split | parataxis |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 lines | nmod:poss |
| 38 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 lines | amod |
| 39 | lines | line | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 leaves | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 tell | punct |
| 41 | so | so | ADV | _ | 44 tell | advmod |
| 42 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 tell | nsubj |
| 43 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 tell | aux |
| 44 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Split | conj |
| 45 | what | what | DET | PronType=Int | 47 star | det |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 star | det |
| 47 | star | star | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 made | nsubj:pass |
| 48 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 49 made | aux:pass |
| 49 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 tell | ccomp |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 made | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Split | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | split | imperative | you not said here | starlight | into a rainbow with a prism result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent starlight=Patient into rainbow=Result | |||
| 2 | see | present | you | thin dark lines | like a barcode | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer line=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | leave | present | each element | element's own lines | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | can | we | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | make | present · passive | what star | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/4/