How we know: measuring the sky, sentence 9
The European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft measured the positions and motions of nearly two billion stars before it was switched off in 2025.
Who acts: Gaia spacecraft · What happens: measure, switch off · To what, where: positions, spacecraft, 2025
This is a sentence of the lesson «How we know: measuring the sky» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gaia spacecraft), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Agency | det |
| 2 | European | European | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Agency | compound |
| 3 | Space | Space | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Agency | compound |
| 4 | Agency | Agency | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 spacecraft | nmod:poss |
| 5 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 4 Agency | case |
| 6 | Gaia | Gaia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 spacecraft | compound |
| 7 | spacecraft | spacecraft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 measured | nsubj |
| 8 | measured | measure | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 positions | det |
| 10 | positions | position | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 measured | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 motions | cc |
| 12 | motions | motion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 positions | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 stars | case |
| 14 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 16 billion | advmod |
| 15 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 billion | compound |
| 16 | billion | billion | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 stars | nummod |
| 17 | stars | star | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 positions | nmod |
| 18 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 21 switched | mark |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 switched | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 switched | aux:pass |
| 21 | switched | switch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 measured | advcl |
| 22 | off | off | ADP | _ | 21 switched | compound:prt |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 2025 | case |
| 24 | 2025 | 2025 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 switched | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 measured | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | measure | past | the European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft | the positions of billion stars and motions | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme position=Value | ||||
| 2 | switch off | past · passive | spacecraft | 2025 | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:028-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/28-how-we-know-measuring-the-sky/9/