Venus, sentence 13

Venus has more volcanoes than any other planet, and studies of old Magellan radar images, published in 2023 and 2024, found lava flows that changed, so some are probably still active.

Who acts: Venus, studies, lava flows, some · What happens: have, publish, find, change, be, study · To what, where: more volcanoes, studies, 2023, lava flows, old radar images

This is a sentence of the lesson «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venus, studies, lava flows, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 volcanoes	amod
4	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	than	than	ADP	_	8 planet	case
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	8 planet	det
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 planet	amod
8	planet	planet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 volcanoes	nmod
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 found	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 found	cc
11	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 found	nsubj
12	of	of	ADP	_	16 images	case
13	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 images	amod
14	Magellan	magellan	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 radar	compound
15	radar	radar	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 images	compound
16	images	image	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 studies	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 published	punct
18	published	publish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 studies	acl
19	in	in	ADP	_	20 2023	case
20	2023	2023	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 published	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 2024	cc
22	2024	2024	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 2023	conj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 2023	punct
24	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
25	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 flows	compound
26	flows	flow	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 found	obj
27	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 changed	nsubj
28	changed	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	26 flows	acl:relcl
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 active	punct
30	so	so	ADV	_	35 active	advmod
31	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	35 active	nsubj
32	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 active	cop
33	probably	probably	ADV	_	35 active	advmod
34	still	still	ADV	_	35 active	advmod
35	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 found	conj
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Venus	more volcanoes			than any other planet	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Patient
2	publish	participle		studies of old radar images not said here	2023			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	find	past	studies of old radar images	lava flows				vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flow=Topic
4	change	past	lava flows					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	is	present	some			still	active, probably property	tree rules
6	study			old radar images				nom study «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:004-venus.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/13/