Venus, sentence 14

Venus's whole surface is quite young, perhaps 300 to 700 million years old, probably covered over by fresh lava, so it has fairly few craters.

Who acts: whole surface, surface · What happens: be, cover over, have · To what, where: few craters

This is a sentence of the lesson «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whole surface, surface), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Venus	Venus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 surface	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Venus	case
3	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 surface	amod
4	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 young	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 young	cop
6	quite	quite	ADV	_	7 young	advmod
7	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 old	punct
9	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	_	15 old	advmod
10	300	300	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 million	compound
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 700	case
12	700	700	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 300	nmod
13	million	million	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 years	nummod
14	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 old	obl:unmarked
15	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 young	appos
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 covered	punct
17	probably	probably	ADV	_	18 covered	advmod
18	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 old	conj
19	over	over	ADP	_	18 covered	compound:prt
20	by	by	ADP	_	22 lava	case
21	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 lava	amod
22	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 covered	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 has	punct
24	so	so	ADV	_	26 has	advmod
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 has	nsubj
26	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 young	parataxis
27	fairly	fairly	ADV	_	28 few	advmod
28	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 craters	amod
29	craters	crater	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 has	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 young	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Venus's whole surface		young property	tree rules
2	cover over	participle	Venus's whole surface not said here		by fresh lava; probably property	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	have	present	surface	few craters		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crater=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:004-venus.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/14/