Venus, sentence 9
Venus is wrapped in thick clouds of sulphuric acid that hide its surface completely from ordinary telescopes; its surface was mapped by radar, for example by the Magellan probe in the 1990s.
Who acts: thick clouds, radar · What happens: wrap, hide, map, cloud · To what, where: Venus, thick clouds, surface, ordinary telescopes, sulphuric acid
This is a sentence of the lesson «Venus» of the space course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thick clouds, radar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 wrapped | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wrapped | aux:pass |
| 3 | wrapped | wrap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 clouds | case |
| 5 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 clouds | amod |
| 6 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 wrapped | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 acid | case |
| 8 | sulphuric | sulphuric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 acid | amod |
| 9 | acid | acid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 clouds | nmod |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 hide | nsubj |
| 11 | hide | hide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 clouds | acl:relcl |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 surface | nmod:poss |
| 13 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hide | obj |
| 14 | completely | completely | ADV | _ | 11 hide | advmod |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 telescopes | case |
| 16 | ordinary | ordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 telescopes | amod |
| 17 | telescopes | telescope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 hide | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 mapped | punct |
| 19 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 surface | nmod:poss |
| 20 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mapped | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 mapped | aux:pass |
| 22 | mapped | map | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 wrapped | parataxis |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 24 radar | case |
| 24 | radar | radar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mapped | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 example | punct |
| 26 | for | for | ADP | _ | 27 example | case |
| 27 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mapped | obl |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 31 probe | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 probe | det |
| 30 | Magellan | Magellan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 probe | compound |
| 31 | probe | probe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 mapped | obl |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 1990s | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 1990s | det |
| 34 | 1990s | 1990s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 31 probe | nmod |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrapped | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wrap | present · passive | Venus | thick clouds of sulphuric acid | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in cloud=Destination | ||||
| 2 | hide | present | thick clouds of sulphuric acid | acid's surface | ordinary telescopes | completely property | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent surface=Patient from telescope=Beneficiary | ||
| 3 | map | past · passive | radar | surface's surface | for example; by the Magellan probe in the 1990s | tree rules | |||
| 4 | cloud | sulphuric acid | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:space:004-venus.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/space/4-venus/9/