Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard, sentence 7

Burnt gases leave through the exhaust pipe, and a catalytic converter changes some poisonous gases into less harmful ones; exhaust fumes include invisible carbon monoxide; burning fuel also makes water vapour, which can cool to drips at the exhaust pipe on a cold morning.

Who acts: Burnt gases, catalytic converter, exhaust fumes, burning fuel, water vapour · What happens: leave, change, include, burn, make, cool · To what, where: exhaust pipe, poisonous gases, invisible carbon monoxide, water vapour

This is a sentence of the lesson «Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Burnt gases, catalytic converter, exhaust fumes, burning fuel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Burnt	burnt	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 gases	amod
2	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 leave	nsubj
3	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	7 pipe	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pipe	det
6	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pipe	compound
7	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leave	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 changes	punct
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 changes	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 converter	det
11	catalytic	catalytic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 converter	amod
12	converter	converter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 changes	nsubj
13	changes	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 leave	conj
14	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	16 gases	det
15	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 gases	amod
16	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 changes	obj
17	into	into	ADP	_	20 ones	case
18	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 harmful	advmod
19	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 ones	amod
20	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 changes	obl
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 fumes	punct
22	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 fumes	compound
23	fumes	fume	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 include	nsubj
24	include	include	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 leave	parataxis
25	invisible	invisible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 monoxide	amod
26	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 monoxide	compound
27	monoxide	monoxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 include	obj
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 burning	punct
29	burning	burn	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	30 fuel	amod
30	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 makes	nsubj
31	also	also	ADV	_	32 makes	advmod
32	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 leave	conj
33	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 vapour	compound
34	vapour	vapour	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 makes	obj
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 cool	punct
36	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	38 cool	nsubj
37	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 cool	aux
38	cool	cool	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	34 vapour	acl:relcl
39	to	to	ADP	_	40 drips	case
40	drips	drip	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 cool	obl
41	at	at	ADP	_	44 pipe	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 pipe	det
43	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 pipe	compound
44	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 cool	obl
45	on	on	ADP	_	48 morning	case
46	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	48 morning	det
47	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	48 morning	amod
48	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 pipe	nmod
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 leave	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	leave	present	Burnt gases		the exhaust pipe		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Initial_Location
2	change	present	a catalytic converter	some poisonous gases		into harmful ones result	vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent gas=Patient into one=Result
3	include	present	exhaust fumes	invisible carbon monoxide			vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent monoxide=Theme
4	burn	gerund					vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	make	present	burning fuel	water vapour			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vapour=Product
6	cool	can	water vapour		the exhaust pipe on a cold morning	to drips	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:017-inside-a-car.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/17-inside-a-car/7/