Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard, sentence 6
Low gears give more turning force to start and climb; high gears let the wheels turn fast while the engine turns slowly; electric cars often need only one gear, because their motors work well at all speeds.
Who acts: Low gears, high gears, wheels, engine, electric cars, motors · What happens: give, start, climb, let, turn, need · To what, where: more turning force, one gear
This is a sentence of the lesson «Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Low gears, high gears, wheels, engine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 gears | amod |
| 2 | gears | gear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 give | nsubj |
| 3 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 force | amod |
| 5 | turning | turning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 force | compound |
| 6 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 give | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 start | mark |
| 8 | start | start | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 give | advcl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 climb | cc |
| 10 | climb | climb | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 start | conj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 gears | punct |
| 12 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 gears | amod |
| 13 | gears | gear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 let | nsubj |
| 14 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 give | parataxis |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 wheels | det |
| 16 | wheels | wheel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 turn | nsubj |
| 17 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 let | xcomp |
| 18 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 turn | advmod |
| 19 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 22 turns | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 engine | det |
| 21 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 turns | nsubj |
| 22 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 turn | advcl |
| 23 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 22 turns | advmod |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 need | punct |
| 25 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 cars | amod |
| 26 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 need | nsubj |
| 27 | often | often | ADV | _ | 28 need | advmod |
| 28 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 give | parataxis |
| 29 | only | only | ADV | _ | 30 one | advmod |
| 30 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 gear | nummod |
| 31 | gear | gear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 need | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 work | punct |
| 33 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 36 work | mark |
| 34 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 motors | nmod:poss |
| 35 | motors | motor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 work | nsubj |
| 36 | work | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 need | advcl |
| 37 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 36 work | advmod |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 speeds | case |
| 39 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 40 speeds | det |
| 40 | speeds | speed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 work | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 give | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present | Low gears | more turning force | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme | ||||
| 2 | start | to-infinitive | Low gears not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | climb | infinitive | Low gears not said here | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | let | infinitive | high gears | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | turn | infinitive | the wheels | fast property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | turn | present | the engine | slowly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | need | present | electric cars | one gear | often property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot gear=Theme | |||
| 8 | work | present | wheels's motors | at all speeds; well property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at speed=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:017-inside-a-car.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/17-inside-a-car/6/