Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard, sentence 5
In a petrol or diesel engine, fuel burns in small cylinders and pushes pistons, which turn a crankshaft and then the wheels, with many small explosions every second.
Who acts: fuel, pistons · What happens: burn, push, turn · To what, where: petrol, pistons, crankshaft
This is a sentence of the lesson «Inside a car: engine, gears and the dashboard» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fuel, pistons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 petrol | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 engine | det |
| 3 | petrol | petrol | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 burns | obl |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 6 engine | cc |
| 5 | diesel | diesel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 petrol | conj |
| 6 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 petrol | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 burns | punct |
| 8 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 burns | nsubj |
| 9 | burns | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 cylinders | case |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 cylinders | amod |
| 12 | cylinders | cylinder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 burns | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 pushes | cc |
| 14 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 burns | conj |
| 15 | pistons | piston | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 pushes | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 turn | punct |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 turn | nsubj |
| 18 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 pistons | acl:relcl |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 crankshaft | det |
| 20 | crankshaft | crankshaft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 turn | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 wheels | cc |
| 22 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 wheels | advmod |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 wheels | det |
| 24 | wheels | wheel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 crankshaft | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 explosions | punct |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 29 explosions | case |
| 27 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 explosions | amod |
| 28 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 explosions | amod |
| 29 | explosions | explosion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 turn | obl |
| 30 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 31 second | det |
| 31 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 explosions | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 burns | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | burn | present | fuel | petrol and diesel or a engine | in small cylinders | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in petrol=Location | |||
| 2 | push | present | fuel not said here | pistons | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piston=Theme | ||||
| 3 | turn | present | pistons | a crankshaft and the wheels | with many small explosions every second | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crankshaft=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:017-inside-a-car.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/17-inside-a-car/5/