Electric cars and charging, sentence 16
A hydrogen vehicle mixes hydrogen with oxygen from the air in a fuel cell to make electricity, and the only thing from its exhaust is water; hydrogen is still hard to make cleanly and has few filling stations.
Who acts: hydrogen vehicle, only thing · What happens: mix, make, be, have · To what, where: hydrogen, fuel cell, electricity, water, few filling stations
This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hydrogen vehicle, only thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 vehicle | det |
| 2 | hydrogen | hydrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 vehicle | compound |
| 3 | vehicle | vehicle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mixes | nsubj |
| 4 | mixes | mix | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 hard | parataxis |
| 5 | hydrogen | hydrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mixes | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 oxygen | case |
| 7 | oxygen | oxygen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mixes | obl |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 air | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 air | det |
| 10 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 oxygen | nmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 cell | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 cell | det |
| 13 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 cell | compound |
| 14 | cell | cell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 mixes | obl |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 make | mark |
| 16 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 mixes | advcl |
| 17 | electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 make | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 water | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 water | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 thing | det |
| 21 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 thing | amod |
| 22 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 water | nsubj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 exhaust | case |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 exhaust | nmod:poss |
| 25 | exhaust | exhaust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 thing | nmod |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 water | cop |
| 27 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hydrogen | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 hydrogen | punct |
| 29 | hydrogen | hydrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 hydrogen | conj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 hard | cop |
| 31 | still | still | ADV | _ | 32 hard | advmod |
| 32 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 make | mark |
| 34 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 hard | xcomp |
| 35 | cleanly | cleanly | ADV | _ | 34 make | advmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 has | cc |
| 37 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 hard | conj |
| 38 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 stations | amod |
| 39 | filling | filling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 stations | compound |
| 40 | stations | station | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 has | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 mixes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mix | present | a hydrogen vehicle | hydrogen and water and hydrogen | a fuel cell | with oxygen from the air | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent hydrogen=Patient with oxygen=Co-Patient | ||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | a hydrogen vehicle not said here | electricity | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | the only thing from thing's exhaust | water | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | still | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | make | to-infinitive | cleanly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 6 | have | present | few filling stations | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent station=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/16/