Electric cars and charging, sentence 9
In regenerative braking the motor works backwards as a generator, a machine that makes electricity, when the car slows, putting some energy back into the battery, and some electric cars can almost stop without the brake pedal.
Who acts: motor, machine, car, electric cars · What happens: work, make, slow, put, stop · To what, where: electricity, energy
This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (motor, machine, car, electric cars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 braking | case |
| 2 | regenerative | regenerative | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 braking | amod |
| 3 | braking | braking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 works | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 motor | det |
| 5 | motor | motor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 works | nsubj |
| 6 | works | work | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 6 works | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 generator | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 generator | det |
| 10 | generator | generator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 works | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 machine | punct |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 machine | det |
| 13 | machine | machine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 generator | appos |
| 14 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 makes | nsubj |
| 15 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 machine | acl:relcl |
| 16 | electricity | electricity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 makes | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 slows | punct |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 21 slows | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 car | det |
| 20 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 slows | nsubj |
| 21 | slows | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 makes | advcl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 putting | punct |
| 23 | putting | put | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 slows | advcl |
| 24 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 energy | det |
| 25 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 putting | obj |
| 26 | back | back | ADV | _ | 23 putting | advmod |
| 27 | into | into | ADP | _ | 29 battery | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 battery | det |
| 29 | battery | battery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 back | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 stop | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 stop | cc |
| 32 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 cars | det |
| 33 | electric | electric | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 cars | amod |
| 34 | cars | car | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 stop | nsubj |
| 35 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 stop | aux |
| 36 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 37 stop | advmod |
| 37 | stop | stop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 works | conj |
| 38 | without | without | ADP | _ | 41 pedal | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 pedal | det |
| 40 | brake | brake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 pedal | compound |
| 41 | pedal | pedal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 stop | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 works | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | work | present | the motor | as a generator; in regenerative braking; backwards property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in braking=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | present | a machine | electricity | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset electricity=Product | ||||
| 3 | slow | present | the car | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | put | gerund | the car not said here | some energy | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent energy=Goal | ||||
| 5 | stop | can | some electric cars | without the brake pedal; almost property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:019-electric-cars-and-charging.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/9/