Buses, trams, lorries and traffic lights, sentence 5
A double-decker bus has its engine at the back and its heavy parts low down, so its centre of weight is low; London buses have been tilt-tested to show they stay up on a steep slope.
Who acts: decker bus, heavy parts, centre, buses · What happens: have, low down, be, tilt, test, show · To what, where: engine, back, London buses, steep slope · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Buses, trams, lorries and traffic lights» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (decker bus, heavy parts, centre, buses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 bus | det |
| 2 | double | double | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 decker | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 double | punct |
| 4 | decker | decker | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 bus | compound |
| 5 | bus | bus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | nsubj |
| 6 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 engine | nmod:poss |
| 8 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | obj |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 back | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 back | det |
| 11 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 has | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 low | cc |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 parts | nmod:poss |
| 14 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 parts | amod |
| 15 | parts | part | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 low | nsubj |
| 16 | low | low | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 has | conj |
| 17 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 low | compound:prt |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 low | punct |
| 19 | so | so | ADV | _ | 25 low | advmod |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 centre | nmod:poss |
| 21 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 low | nsubj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 weight | case |
| 23 | weight | weight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 centre | nmod |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 low | cop |
| 25 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 has | parataxis |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 6 has | punct |
| 27 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 buses | compound |
| 28 | buses | bus | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 tested | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 tested | aux |
| 30 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 tested | aux:pass |
| 31 | tilt | tilt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 low | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 tested | punct |
| 33 | tested | test | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 low | conj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 show | mark |
| 35 | show | show | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 tested | advcl |
| 36 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 stay | nsubj |
| 37 | stay | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 show | ccomp |
| 38 | up | up | ADP | _ | 37 stay | compound:prt |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 slope | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 slope | det |
| 41 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 slope | amod |
| 42 | slope | slope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 stay | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a decker bus | way's engine | the back | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient | |||
| 2 | low down | present | way's heavy parts | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is | present | way's centre of weight | low property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | tilt | participle | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | test | present · perfect · passive | London buses | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | show | to-infinitive | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | stay up | present | buses = bus | a steep slope | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on slope=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:020-buses-trams-lorries-and-traffic-lights.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/20-buses-trams-lorries-and-traffic-lights/5/