Why planes fly, sentence 17

A glider has no engine; it is towed up and then floats on rising warm air, and gliders can stay up for hours and fly hundreds of kilometres.

Who acts: glider, gliders · What happens: have, tow up, float, rise, stay up, fly · To what, where: engine, glider, rising warm air, hundreds

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glider, gliders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 glider	det
2	glider	glider	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	nsubj
3	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 engine	det
5	engine	engine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 has	obj
6	;	;	PUNCT	_	9 towed	punct
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 towed	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 towed	aux:pass
9	towed	tow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 has	parataxis
10	up	up	ADP	_	9 towed	compound:prt
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 floats	cc
12	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 floats	advmod
13	floats	float	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 towed	conj
14	on	on	ADP	_	17 air	case
15	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	17 air	amod
16	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 air	amod
17	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 floats	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 stay	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 stay	cc
20	gliders	glider	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 stay	nsubj
21	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	22 stay	aux
22	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 has	conj
23	up	up	ADP	_	22 stay	compound:prt
24	for	for	ADP	_	25 hours	case
25	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 stay	obl
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 fly	cc
27	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 stay	conj
28	hundreds	hundred	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 fly	obj
29	of	of	ADP	_	30 kilometres	case
30	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 hundreds	nmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 has	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	have	present	a glider	no engine			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient
2	tow up	present · passive		glider			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
3	float	present			rising warm air	then	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on air=Trajectory
4	rise	gerund					vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	stay up	can	gliders			hour	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	fly	infinitive	gliders not said here	hundreds of kilometres			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hundred=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/17/