Why planes fly, sentence 16

If the cabin loses pressure, oxygen masks drop down, because in the thin air up there a person without a mask soon passes out; adults put their own mask on first, so they stay awake to help others, and the masks last long enough for the plane to descend to thicker air.

Who acts: cabin, oxygen masks, person, adults, masks · What happens: lose, drop down, pass out, put, stay, help · To what, where: pressure, thin air, own mask, others, plane, thicker air

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cabin, oxygen masks, person, adults), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	If	if	SCONJ	_	4 loses	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 cabin	det
3	cabin	cabin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loses	nsubj
4	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 drop	advcl
5	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 loses	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 drop	punct
7	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 masks	compound
8	masks	mask	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 drop	nsubj
9	drop	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	down	down	ADP	_	9 drop	compound:prt
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 passes	punct
12	because	because	SCONJ	_	25 passes	mark
13	in	in	ADP	_	16 air	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 air	det
15	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 air	amod
16	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 passes	obl
17	up	up	ADV	_	18 there	advmod
18	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 air	advmod
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 person	det
20	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 passes	nsubj
21	without	without	ADP	_	23 mask	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 mask	det
23	mask	mask	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 person	nmod
24	soon	soon	ADV	Degree=Pos	25 passes	advmod
25	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 drop	advcl
26	out	out	ADP	_	25 passes	compound:prt
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	29 put	punct
28	adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 put	nsubj
29	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 drop	conj
30	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	32 mask	nmod:poss
31	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 mask	amod
32	mask	mask	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 put	obj
33	on	on	ADP	_	34 first	case
34	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	29 put	obl
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 stay	punct
36	so	so	ADV	_	38 stay	advmod
37	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 stay	nsubj
38	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 drop	conj
39	awake	awake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	38 stay	xcomp
40	to	to	PART	_	41 help	mark
41	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	38 stay	advcl
42	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	41 help	obj
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 last	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 last	cc
45	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	46 masks	det
46	masks	mask	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 last	nsubj
47	last	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 stay	conj
48	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	47 last	advmod
49	enough	enough	ADV	_	48 long	advmod
50	for	for	SCONJ	_	54 descend	mark
51	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	52 plane	det
52	plane	plane	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 last	obl
53	to	to	PART	_	54 descend	mark
54	descend	descend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	52 plane	acl
55	to	to	ADP	_	57 air	case
56	thicker	thick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	57 air	amod
57	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 descend	obl
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 drop	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	lose a condition, not said to happen	present	the cabin	pressure			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Eventuality
2	drop down	present	oxygen masks				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
3	pass out	present	a person without a mask		the thin air	soon property	vn change_bodily_state-40.8.4 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
4	put	past	adults	masks's own mask			vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent mask=Theme on first=Destination
5	stay	present	adults = adult			awake property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6	help	to-infinitive	adults = adult not said here	others			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary
7	last	present	the masks	the plane		long property	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
8	descend	to-infinitive	the masks not said here	the plane not said here	thicker air		vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to air=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/16/