Why planes fly, sentence 8
A jet engine sucks air in with a big fan, squeezes it, burns fuel in it and blasts hot gas out of the back; in a modern airliner engine most of the push comes from the big fan at the front.
Who acts: jet engine, most · What happens: suck in, squeeze, burn, blast, come · To what, where: air, fuel, hot gas, back, modern airliner engine
This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (jet engine, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 engine | det |
| 2 | jet | jet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 engine | compound |
| 3 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sucks | nsubj |
| 4 | sucks | suck | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sucks | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 sucks | compound:prt |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 10 fan | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 fan | det |
| 9 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 fan | amod |
| 10 | fan | fan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sucks | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 squeezes | punct |
| 12 | squeezes | squeeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sucks | conj |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 squeezes | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 burns | punct |
| 15 | burns | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sucks | conj |
| 16 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 burns | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 it | case |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 burns | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 blasts | cc |
| 20 | blasts | blast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sucks | conj |
| 21 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 gas | amod |
| 22 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 blasts | obj |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 26 back | case |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 back | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 back | det |
| 26 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 blasts | obl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 4 sucks | punct |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 engine | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 engine | det |
| 30 | modern | modern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 engine | amod |
| 31 | airliner | airliner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 engine | compound |
| 32 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 comes | obl |
| 33 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 37 comes | nsubj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 push | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 push | det |
| 36 | push | push | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 most | nmod |
| 37 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 sucks | parataxis |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 fan | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 fan | det |
| 40 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 fan | amod |
| 41 | fan | fan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 comes | obl |
| 42 | at | at | ADP | _ | 44 front | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 front | det |
| 44 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 fan | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 sucks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | suck in | present | a jet engine | air | with a big fan | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent air=Source | |||
| 2 | squeeze | present | a jet engine not said here | air | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 3 | burn | present | a jet engine not said here | fuel | air | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme | |||
| 4 | blast | present | a jet engine not said here | hot gas | the back | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gas=Theme | |||
| 5 | come | present | most of the push | a modern airliner engine | from the big fan at the front | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from fan=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/8/