Why planes fly, sentence 9

Pilots fly with a stick or yoke, pedals and throttles, and read screens showing speed, height and direction; an airliner always has two pilots, and on many airlines they eat different meals so that one bad meal cannot make both ill.

Who acts: Pilots, screens, airliner, one bad meal · What happens: fly, read, show, have, eat, not make · To what, where: screens, speed, two pilots, different meals, many airlines

This is a sentence of the lesson «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pilots, screens, airliner, one bad meal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pilots	pilot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 fly	nsubj
2	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 stick	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 stick	det
5	stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 fly	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 yoke	cc
7	yoke	yoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stick	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 pedals	punct
9	pedals	pedal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 stick	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 throttles	cc
11	throttles	throttle	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 pedals	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 read	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 read	cc
14	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 fly	conj
15	screens	screen	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 read	obj
16	showing	show	VERB	VerbForm=Part	15 screens	acl
17	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 showing	obj
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 height	punct
19	height	height	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 speed	conj
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 direction	cc
21	direction	direction	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 height	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 has	punct
23	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 airliner	det
24	airliner	airliner	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 has	nsubj
25	always	always	ADV	_	26 has	advmod
26	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 fly	parataxis
27	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	28 pilots	nummod
28	pilots	pilot	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 has	obj
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 eat	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 eat	cc
31	on	on	ADP	_	33 airlines	case
32	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 airlines	amod
33	airlines	airline	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 eat	obl
34	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 eat	nsubj
35	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 has	conj
36	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 meals	amod
37	meals	meal	NOUN	Number=Plur	35 eat	obj
38	so	so	SCONJ	_	45 make	mark
39	that	that	SCONJ	_	38 so	fixed
40	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	42 meal	nummod
41	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	42 meal	amod
42	meal	meal	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 make	nsubj
43	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	45 make	aux
44	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	45 make	advmod
45	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	35 eat	advcl
46	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	47 ill	advmod
47	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	45 make	xcomp
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 fly	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fly	present	Pilots			with a stick or yoke and pedals and throttles	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	read	present	Pilots not said here	screens			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent screen=Topic
3	show	gerund	screens not said here	speed and height and direction			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent speed=Recipient
4	have	present	a airliner	two pilots		always property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pilot=Patient
5	eat	present	pilots = pilot	different meals	many airlines		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meal=Patient
6	not make	can	one bad meal			ill property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:022-why-planes-fly.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/22-why-planes-fly/9/