Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones, sentence 5
A helicopter's spinning blades are long thin wings going round in a circle, a drone does the same with four or more small rotors, and a hot-air balloon simply floats because hot air is lighter than cold air.
Who acts: spinning blades, long thin wings, air balloon, hot air · What happens: be, go round, float · To what, where: long thin wings, circle
This is a sentence of the lesson «Airports, the black box, helicopters and drones» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spinning blades, long thin wings, air balloon, hot air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 helicopter | det |
| 2 | helicopter | helicopter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 blades | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 helicopter | case |
| 4 | spinning | spinning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 blades | compound |
| 5 | blades | blade | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 wings | nsubj |
| 6 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 wings | cop |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 wings | amod |
| 8 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 wings | amod |
| 9 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 10 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 wings | acl |
| 11 | round | round | ADV | _ | 10 going | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 circle | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 circle | det |
| 14 | circle | circle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 going | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 drone | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 drone | det |
| 17 | drone | drone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 does | nsubj |
| 18 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 same | aux |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 same | det |
| 20 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 wings | conj |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 four | case |
| 22 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 same | obl |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 rotors | cc |
| 24 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 22 four | conj |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rotors | amod |
| 26 | rotors | rotor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 four | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 lighter | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 lighter | cc |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 balloon | det |
| 30 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 air | amod |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 hot | punct |
| 32 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 balloon | compound |
| 33 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 floats | nsubj |
| 34 | simply | simply | ADV | _ | 35 floats | advmod |
| 35 | floats | float | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 same | conj |
| 36 | because | because | SCONJ | ExtPos=ADP | 40 lighter | mark |
| 37 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 air | amod |
| 38 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 lighter | nsubj |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 lighter | cop |
| 40 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 floats | advcl |
| 41 | than | than | ADP | _ | 43 air | case |
| 42 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 air | amod |
| 43 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 lighter | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 wings | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a helicopter's spinning blades | long thin wings | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go round | gerund | long thin wings not said here | a circle | round property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in circle=Location | |||
| 3 | be | present · do-support | a helicopter's spinning blades not said here | with four or small rotors | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | float | present | a air balloon | simply property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | present | hot air | than cold air; light property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:023-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/23-airports-black-box-helicopters-drones/5/