Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, sentence 18
A road roller squashes soil and hot asphalt (the black stuff that roads are covered with) flat with heavy steel drums, and some shake thousands of times a minute to pack the ground better.
Who acts: road roller, some · What happens: squash, cover, shake, pack · To what, where: soil, roads, thousands, ground
This is a sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (road roller, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 roller | det |
| 2 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 roller | compound |
| 3 | roller | roller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 squashes | nsubj |
| 4 | squashes | squash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 squashes | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 asphalt | cc |
| 7 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 asphalt | amod |
| 8 | asphalt | asphalt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 soil | conj |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 stuff | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 stuff | det |
| 11 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 stuff | amod |
| 12 | stuff | stuff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 asphalt | appos |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 16 covered | obl |
| 14 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 covered | aux:pass |
| 16 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 stuff | acl:relcl |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 that | case |
| 18 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 stuff | punct |
| 19 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 squashes | xcomp |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 drums | case |
| 21 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 steel | amod |
| 22 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 drums | compound |
| 23 | drums | drum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 squashes | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 shake | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 shake | cc |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 shake | nsubj |
| 27 | shake | shake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 squashes | conj |
| 28 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 shake | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 times | case |
| 30 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 thousands | nmod |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 minute | det |
| 32 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 pack | mark |
| 34 | pack | pack | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 shake | advcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 ground | det |
| 36 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 pack | obj |
| 37 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 34 pack | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 squashes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | squash | present | a road roller | soil and hot asphalt | with steel drums; flat property | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent soil=Patient with drum=Instrument | |||
| 2 | cover | present · passive | roads | with the black stuff | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with that=Theme | ||||
| 3 | shake | present | some | thousands of times a minute | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient | ||||
| 4 | pack | to-infinitive | some not said here | the ground | well property | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme ground=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/18/