Diggers, cranes and cement mixers, sentence 19

A pile driver drives long posts, called piles, deep into the ground to hold up buildings by carrying their weight down to firm ground, and tall buildings can stand on piles deeper than a house is tall; it is so loud that workers wear ear protection.

Who acts: pile driver, long posts, tall buildings, house, workers · What happens: drive, call, hold up, carry down, stand, be · To what, where: long posts, ground, piles, buildings, weight · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Diggers, cranes and cement mixers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pile driver, long posts, tall buildings, house), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 driver	det
2	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 driver	compound
3	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drives	nsubj
4	drives	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 posts	amod
6	posts	post	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 drives	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 called	punct
8	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 posts	acl
9	piles	pile	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 called	xcomp
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 ground	punct
11	deep	deep	ADV	_	14 ground	advmod
12	into	into	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 drives	obl
15	to	to	PART	_	16 hold	mark
16	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 ground	acl
17	up	up	ADP	_	16 hold	compound:prt
18	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 hold	obj
19	by	by	SCONJ	_	20 carrying	mark
20	carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	16 hold	advcl
21	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	22 weight	nmod:poss
22	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 carrying	obj
23	down	down	ADV	_	20 carrying	advmod
24	to	to	PART	_	25 firm	mark
25	firm	firm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 ground	amod
26	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 carrying	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 stand	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 stand	cc
29	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 buildings	amod
30	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 stand	nsubj
31	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 stand	aux
32	stand	stand	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 drives	conj
33	on	on	ADP	_	34 piles	case
34	piles	pile	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 stand	obl
35	deeper	deep	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	34 piles	amod
36	than	than	SCONJ	_	40 tall	mark
37	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	38 house	det
38	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 tall	nsubj
39	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	40 tall	cop
40	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 deeper	advcl
41	;	;	PUNCT	_	45 loud	punct
42	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 loud	nsubj
43	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	45 loud	cop
44	so	so	ADV	_	45 loud	advmod
45	loud	loud	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 drives	conj
46	that	that	SCONJ	_	48 wear	mark
47	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	48 wear	nsubj
48	wear	wear	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 ear	compound
49	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 protection	compound
50	protection	protection	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 loud	advcl
51	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 drives	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	drive	present	a pile driver	long posts	the ground		vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent post=Theme into ground=Trajectory
2	call	participle	long posts not said here	piles			vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	hold up	to-infinitive	a pile driver not said here	buildings			vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot building=Theme
4	carry down	gerund	a pile driver not said here	piles's weight		firm ground obl; down property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme
5	stand	can	tall buildings		piles		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on pile=Location
6	is	present	a house			tall property	tree rules
7	is	present	house			loud property	tree rules
8	wear		workers				tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:028-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/28-diggers-cranes-and-cement-mixers/19/