Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 18

Tunnel lining is made of big curved concrete pieces fitted together into rings, like a pipe; the rings hold back the rock and soil so the tunnel does not collapse.

Who acts: rings, tunnel · What happens: make, curve, fit together, hold back, not collapse · To what, where: Tunnel lining, big curved concrete pieces, rings, rock

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rings, tunnel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 lining	compound
2	lining	lining	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	aux:pass
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 pieces	case
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 pieces	amod
7	curved	curve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 pieces	amod
8	concrete	concrete	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 pieces	compound
9	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 made	obl
10	fitted	fit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 pieces	acl
11	together	together	ADV	_	10 fitted	advmod
12	into	into	ADP	_	13 rings	case
13	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 fitted	obl
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 pipe	punct
15	like	like	ADP	_	17 pipe	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 pipe	det
17	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 rings	nmod
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 hold	punct
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 rings	det
20	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 hold	nsubj
21	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 made	parataxis
22	back	back	ADV	_	21 hold	advmod
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 rock	det
24	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 hold	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 soil	cc
26	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 rock	conj
27	so	so	SCONJ	_	32 collapse	mark
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 tunnel	det
29	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 collapse	nsubj
30	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 collapse	aux
31	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	32 collapse	advmod
32	collapse	collapse	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 hold	advcl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 made	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		Tunnel lining		of big curved concrete pieces	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
2	curve	participle					vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material
3	fit together	participle		big curved concrete pieces not said here	rings like a pipe	together property	vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into ring=Destination
4	hold back	present	the rings	the rock and soil			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rock=Theme
5	not collapse	present · do-support	the tunnel				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/18/