Tunnels and what lies under the street, sentence 5
Long ago tunnels were dug by hand with picks, shovels and gunpowder by the light of candles and lamps.
Who acts: hand · What happens: dig, light · To what, where: tunnels, candles
This is a sentence of the lesson «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 ago | advmod |
| 2 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 5 dug | advmod |
| 3 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 dug | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 dug | aux:pass |
| 5 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 hand | case |
| 7 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 dug | obl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 picks | case |
| 9 | picks | pick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 dug | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 shovels | punct |
| 11 | shovels | shovel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 picks | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 gunpowder | cc |
| 13 | gunpowder | gunpowder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 picks | conj |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 light | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 light | det |
| 16 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 dug | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 candles | case |
| 18 | candles | candle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 light | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 lamps | cc |
| 20 | lamps | lamp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 candles | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 dug | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dig | past · passive | hand | tunnels | with picks and shovels and gunpowder; by the light of candles and lamps; ago property | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.instsrument»: agent=Agent subject=Theme with pick=Instrument | |||
| 2 | light | candles and lamps | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:029-tunnels-and-under-the-street.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/5/