Wind, sun and other clean energy, sentence 15
Geothermal energy uses heat from deep underground to warm water, make steam or heat homes; Iceland, a land of volcanoes with hot rock and hot water close under the ground, gets most of its heating this way.
Who acts: Geothermal energy, Iceland, water · What happens: use, warm, make, get, heat · To what, where: heat, water, steam, most
This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind, sun and other clean energy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geothermal energy, Iceland, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Geothermal | Geothermal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 energy | amod |
| 2 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | nsubj |
| 3 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 uses | obj |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 underground | case |
| 6 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 underground | amod |
| 7 | underground | underground | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 heat | amod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 warm | mark |
| 9 | warm | warm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 underground | xcomp |
| 10 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 warm | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 make | punct |
| 12 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 warm | conj |
| 13 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 make | obj |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 homes | cc |
| 15 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 homes | compound |
| 16 | homes | home | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 steam | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 gets | punct |
| 18 | Iceland | Iceland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 gets | nsubj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 land | punct |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 land | det |
| 21 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 Iceland | appos |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 volcanoes | case |
| 23 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 land | nmod |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 rock | case |
| 25 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 rock | amod |
| 26 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 volcanoes | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 water | cc |
| 28 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 water | amod |
| 29 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 rock | conj |
| 30 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 volcanoes | amod |
| 31 | under | under | ADP | _ | 33 ground | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 ground | det |
| 33 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 close | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Iceland | punct |
| 35 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 uses | conj |
| 36 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 gets | obj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 heating | case |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 heating | nmod:poss |
| 39 | heating | heating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 most | nmod |
| 40 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 way | det |
| 41 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 gets | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 uses | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | Geothermal energy | heat | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient | ||||
| 2 | warm | to-infinitive | Geothermal energy not said here | water | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient | ||||
| 3 | make | infinitive | Geothermal energy not said here | steam or heat homes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset steam=Product | ||||
| 4 | get | present | Iceland | most of water's heating | this way obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer most=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | heat | water | nom heating «process intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:033-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy/15/