Batteries, sentence 1

Inside, two different chemicals are kept apart; when you join the two ends through a torch or a toy, they react and push electrons all the way round the wire, and the torch lights up.

Who acts: you, chemicals, torch · What happens: keep, join, react, push, light up · To what, where: two different chemicals, two ends, torch

This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, chemicals, torch), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Inside	inside	ADV	_	7 kept	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Inside	punct
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 chemicals	nummod
4	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 chemicals	amod
5	chemicals	chemical	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 kept	nsubj:pass
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 kept	aux:pass
7	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	apart	apart	ADV	_	7 kept	advmod
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 join	punct
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 join	advmod
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	12 join	nsubj
12	join	join	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 kept	advcl
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 ends	det
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 ends	nummod
15	ends	end	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 join	obj
16	through	through	ADP	_	18 torch	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 torch	det
18	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 join	obl
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	21 toy	cc
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 toy	det
21	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 torch	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 react	punct
23	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 react	nsubj
24	react	react	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 join	conj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 electrons	cc
26	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 react	conj
27	electrons	electron	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 join	conj
28	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	30 way	det:predet
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 way	det
30	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 electrons	nmod
31	round	round	ADP	_	33 wire	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 wire	det
33	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 way	nmod
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 lights	punct
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 lights	cc
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 torch	det
37	torch	torch	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 lights	nsubj
38	lights	light	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 react	conj
39	up	up	ADP	_	38 lights	compound:prt
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 kept	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	keep	present · passive		two different chemicals		apart, inside property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	join	present	you	the two ends	a torch or a toy		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Patient
3	react	present	chemicals = chemical				vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	push	present	chemicals = chemical not said here				vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
5	light up	present	the torch				vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:034-batteries.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/34-batteries/1/