Batteries Lesson 34 of the technology course of Mova's primary school: 19 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: the lesson at school .
0 A battery is a little box of stored chemical energy. 1 Inside, two different chemicals are kept apart; when you join the two ends through a torch or a toy, they react and push electrons all the way round the wire, and the torch lights up. 2 When the chemicals are used up, the push stops and the battery is flat. 3 A rechargeable battery, like the one in your phone, can be pushed back: the charger moves the tiny particles back to where they started, ready to go again. 4 Batteries come in every size, from a button in a watch to a car battery that starts the engine, a fridge-sized battery in a house, and grid batteries in rows of shipping containers that help the whole country. 5 Batteries store a lot of energy in a small space, so they have strong rules: never open, burn or crush one, never mix old and new, keep chargers off beds, and take old ones to the battery bin, never the normal bin. 6 In a battery such as an AA, two chemicals inside react and push electrons through the wire from one end to the other; when the chemicals are used up, the battery is flat. 7 Alessandro Volta made the first battery in 1800 from a pile of metal discs and cloth soaked in salty water. 8 Never open, burn or crush a battery, and never mix old and new batteries in the same toy. 9 In a rechargeable phone battery, lithium moves from one side to the other as you use it, and charging pushes it back; all such batteries slowly hold less charge as they get older. 10 Use the right charger, and stop charging if a phone or battery gets hot. 11 A power bank is a battery in a case that stores electricity to charge phones later; never charge one overnight on a bed, and on planes it goes in hand luggage, not in a checked bag, because if it caught fire down in the hold nobody could reach it to put it out. 12 A car battery is heavy, starts the engine and powers the lights when the engine is off; it contains acid, so only adults deal with it, and car batteries are among the most recycled products. 13 Home battery storage keeps electricity from solar panels or cheap night power to use later, and some houses can run for a day on it. 14 Old batteries go in a special recycling bin so their metals can be used again and their chemicals stay out of landfill; batteries thrown in normal bins have started fires in bin lorries. 15 Two different metals pushed into a lemon or potato make a tiny current, and several lemons together can light a small LED; this is a science-class activity with low-voltage kits and an adult, never anything to do with mains sockets. 16 A wireless charger has a coil in the pad that makes a changing magnetic field, and a coil in the phone turns it back into electricity; electric toothbrushes have charged this way for years. 17 A battery's percentage is an estimate made by a small chip that measures the voltage and how much flows in and out, which is why it sometimes jumps. 18 Giant grid batteries, made of thousands of cells in containers, store electricity to smooth out wind and solar and can respond in less than a second. ← previous Wind, sun and other clean energynext → Phones and how a call travels↑ back to Technology This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/34-batteries/