Batteries, sentence 9
In a rechargeable phone battery, lithium moves from one side to the other as you use it, and charging pushes it back; all such batteries slowly hold less charge as they get older.
Who acts: lithium, you, charging, such batteries, chemicals · What happens: move, use, push back, hold, get · To what, where: rechargeable phone battery, battery, less charge
This is a sentence of the lesson «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lithium, you, charging, such batteries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 5 battery | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 battery | det |
| 3 | rechargeable | rechargeable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 battery | amod |
| 4 | phone | phone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 battery | compound |
| 5 | battery | battery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 moves | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 moves | punct |
| 7 | lithium | lithium | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 moves | nsubj |
| 8 | moves | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 hold | parataxis |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 side | case |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 side | nummod |
| 11 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 moves | obl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 other | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 other | det |
| 14 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 moves | obl |
| 15 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 17 use | mark |
| 16 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 use | nsubj |
| 17 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 moves | advcl |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 use | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 pushes | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 pushes | cc |
| 21 | charging | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 pushes | nsubj |
| 22 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 moves | conj |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 pushes | obj |
| 24 | back | back | ADV | _ | 22 pushes | advmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 hold | punct |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 batteries | det |
| 27 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 batteries | amod |
| 28 | batteries | battery | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 hold | nsubj |
| 29 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 30 hold | advmod |
| 30 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 31 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 32 charge | amod |
| 32 | charge | charge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 hold | obj |
| 33 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 35 get | mark |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 get | nsubj |
| 35 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 hold | advcl |
| 36 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 35 get | xcomp |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 moves | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | move | present | lithium | a rechargeable phone battery | from one side; to the other | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in battery=Source from side=Trajectory to other=Destination | |||
| 2 | use | present | you | battery | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 3 | push back | present | charging | battery | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hold | infinitive | all such batteries | less charge | slowly property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Theme | |||
| 5 | get | present | chemicals = chemical | old property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:034-batteries.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/34-batteries/9/