Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves, sentence 1
Cameras, radar and lidar, a spinning laser that times how long its light takes to bounce back, build a moving 3D picture of the street, and a computer decides many times a second whether to steer, brake or speed up.
Who acts: spinning laser, light, computer, laser · What happens: spin, time, take, bounce back, build, move · To what, where: moving 3D picture · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spinning laser, light, computer, laser), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cameras | camera | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 radar | punct |
| 3 | radar | radar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Cameras | conj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 lidar | cc |
| 5 | lidar | lidar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 radar | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 laser | punct |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 laser | det |
| 8 | spinning | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 laser | amod |
| 9 | laser | laser | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Cameras | conj |
| 10 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 times | nsubj |
| 11 | times | time | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 laser | acl:relcl |
| 12 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 13 long | advmod |
| 13 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 16 takes | advmod |
| 14 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 light | nmod:poss |
| 15 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 takes | nsubj |
| 16 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 times | ccomp |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 bounce | mark |
| 18 | bounce | bounce | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 takes | advcl |
| 19 | back | back | ADV | _ | 18 bounce | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 long | punct |
| 21 | build | build | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 times | conj |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 picture | det |
| 23 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 picture | amod |
| 24 | 3D | 3d | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Combi | 25 picture | amod |
| 25 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 build | obj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 street | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 street | det |
| 28 | street | street | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 picture | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 decides | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 decides | cc |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 computer | det |
| 32 | computer | computer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 decides | nsubj |
| 33 | decides | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 build | conj |
| 34 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 times | amod |
| 35 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 decides | obl:unmarked |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 second | det |
| 37 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 38 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 40 steer | mark |
| 39 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 steer | mark |
| 40 | steer | steer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 decides | ccomp |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 brake | punct |
| 42 | brake | brake | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 steer | conj |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 44 speed | cc |
| 44 | speed | speed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 steer | conj |
| 45 | up | up | ADP | _ | 44 speed | compound:prt |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Cameras | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spin | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | time | present | a spinning laser | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | take | present | laser's light | long property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | bounce back | to-infinitive | laser's light not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | build | infinitive | a spinning laser not said here | a moving 3D picture of the street | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product | ||||
| 6 | move | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | decide | present | a computer | time | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 8 | steer not said to happen | to-infinitive | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 9 | brake | infinitive | tree rules | ||||||
| 10 | speed up | infinitive | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 11 | light | laser | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:040-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/1/