Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★, sentence 10

Gritters spread salt before a frost because salty water freezes at a lower temperature than plain water, so ice forms less easily.

Who acts: Gritters, salty water, ice · What happens: spread, freeze, form · To what, where: salt, frost, lower temperature

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gritters, salty water, ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gritters	gritter	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 spread	nsubj
2	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spread	obj
4	before	before	ADP	_	6 frost	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 frost	det
6	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 spread	obl
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	10 freezes	mark
8	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 water	amod
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 freezes	nsubj
10	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spread	advcl
11	at	at	ADP	_	14 temperature	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 temperature	det
13	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 temperature	amod
14	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 freezes	obl
15	than	than	ADP	_	17 water	case
16	plain	plain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 water	amod
17	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 temperature	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 forms	punct
19	so	so	ADV	_	21 forms	advmod
20	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 forms	nsubj
21	forms	form	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 spread	parataxis
22	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	23 easily	advmod
23	easily	easily	ADV	_	21 forms	advmod
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 spread	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	spread	past	Gritters	salt	a frost		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent salt=Theme before frost=Destination
2	freeze	present	salty water		a lower temperature than plain water		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	form	present	ice			easily property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/10/