Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★, sentence 16
A hot-air balloon rises because hot air is lighter than the cold air outside; its pilot cannot steer left or right, only go up or down to find winds blowing other ways.
Who acts: air balloon, hot air, pilot, winds · What happens: rise, be, not steer, go up, find, blow · To what, where: winds, other ways
This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (air balloon, hot air, pilot, winds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 balloon | det |
| 2 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 air | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 hot | punct |
| 4 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 balloon | compound |
| 5 | balloon | balloon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 rises | nsubj |
| 6 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 lighter | mark |
| 8 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 air | amod |
| 9 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lighter | nsubj |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 lighter | cop |
| 11 | lighter | light | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 rises | advcl |
| 12 | than | than | ADP | _ | 15 air | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 air | det |
| 14 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 air | amod |
| 15 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 lighter | obl |
| 16 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 15 air | advmod |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 steer | punct |
| 18 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 pilot | nmod:poss |
| 19 | pilot | pilot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 steer | nsubj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 steer | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 steer | advmod |
| 22 | steer | steer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 rises | parataxis |
| 23 | left | leave | ADV | _ | 22 steer | advmod |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 right | cc |
| 25 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 left | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 go | punct |
| 27 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 go | advmod |
| 28 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 steer | conj |
| 29 | up | up | ADV | _ | 28 go | advmod |
| 30 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 down | cc |
| 31 | down | down | ADV | _ | 29 up | conj |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 find | mark |
| 33 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 go | advcl |
| 34 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 find | obj |
| 35 | blowing | blow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 winds | acl |
| 36 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 ways | amod |
| 37 | ways | way | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 blowing | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 rises | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | present | a air balloon | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | present | hot air | than the cold air; light property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not steer | can | air's pilot | leave property | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | go up | infinitive | air's pilot not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | find | to-infinitive | air's pilot not said here | winds | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Topic | ||||
| 6 | blow | gerund | winds not said here | other ways | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent way=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/16/