Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★, sentence 8

Almost all electricity comes from something spinning a generator; solar panels are the exception, because in them light knocks tiny electrons free in silicon cells.

Who acts: electricity, solar panels, light · What happens: come, spin, be, knock · To what, where: something, generator, exception, tiny electrons

This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: transport, building and energy ★★★» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (electricity, solar panels, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Almost	almost	ADV	_	2 all	advmod
2	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 electricity	det
3	electricity	electricity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 comes	nsubj
4	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 something	case
6	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	4 comes	obl
7	spinning	spin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 something	acl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 generator	det
9	generator	generator	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 spinning	obj
10	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 exception	punct
11	solar	solar	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 panels	amod
12	panels	panel	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 exception	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 exception	cop
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 exception	det
15	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 comes	parataxis
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 knocks	punct
17	because	because	SCONJ	_	21 knocks	mark
18	in	in	ADP	_	19 them	case
19	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 knocks	obl
20	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 knocks	nsubj
21	knocks	knock	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 exception	advcl
22	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 electrons	amod
23	electrons	electron	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 knocks	obj
24	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 electrons	amod
25	in	in	ADP	_	27 cells	case
26	silicon	silicon	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 cells	compound
27	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 free	obl
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 comes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	come	present	all electricity		something		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from something=Initial_Location
2	spin	gerund		a generator			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent generator=Theme
3	is a	present	solar panels	the exception			tree rules
4	knock	present	light	tiny electrons		in panels = panel	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent electron=Theme in they=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:043-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/43-olympiad-transport-building-and-energy/8/