Pencils, paper and school things, sentence 9
A ballpoint pen has a tiny metal ball at its tip, often less than a millimetre wide, that rolls ink from the tube onto the paper; the ink needs to flow down to the ball, so most ballpoints stop working upside down.
Who acts: ballpoint pen, tiny metal ball, ink, most ballpoints · What happens: have, roll, need, flow down, stop down, work · To what, where: tiny metal ball, tip, ink, tube, upside
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pencils, paper and school things» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ballpoint pen, tiny metal ball, ink, most ballpoints), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 pen | det |
| 2 | ballpoint | ballpoint | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pen | compound |
| 3 | pen | pen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 ball | det |
| 6 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 ball | amod |
| 7 | metal | metal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ball | compound |
| 8 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obj |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 tip | case |
| 10 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 tip | nmod:poss |
| 11 | tip | tip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ball | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 less | punct |
| 13 | often | often | ADV | _ | 14 less | advmod |
| 14 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 ball | amod |
| 15 | than | than | ADP | _ | 17 millimetre | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 millimetre | det |
| 17 | millimetre | millimetre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 wide | obl |
| 18 | wide | wide | ADV | _ | 14 less | advmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 ball | punct |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 rolls | nsubj |
| 21 | rolls | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 ball | acl:relcl |
| 22 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rolls | obj |
| 23 | from | from | ADP | _ | 25 tube | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 tube | det |
| 25 | tube | tube | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rolls | obl |
| 26 | onto | onto | ADP | _ | 28 paper | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 paper | det |
| 28 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rolls | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 needs | punct |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 ink | det |
| 31 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 needs | nsubj |
| 32 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | parataxis |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 flow | mark |
| 34 | flow | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 needs | xcomp |
| 35 | down | down | ADV | _ | 34 flow | advmod |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 ball | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 ball | det |
| 38 | ball | ball | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 flow | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 stop | punct |
| 40 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 stop | advmod |
| 41 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 42 ballpoints | amod |
| 42 | ballpoints | ballpoint | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 stop | nsubj |
| 43 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | conj |
| 44 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 43 stop | xcomp |
| 45 | upside | upside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 working | obj |
| 46 | down | down | ADV | _ | 43 stop | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a ballpoint pen | a tiny metal ball | pen's tip | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Patient | |||
| 2 | roll | present | a tiny metal ball | ink | the tube | onto the paper | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent ink=Theme from tube=Initial_Location onto paper=Trajectory | ||
| 3 | need | present | the ink | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | flow down not said to happen | to-infinitive | the ink not said here | to the ball; down property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | stop down | present | most ballpoints | down property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | work | gerund | most ballpoints not said here | upside | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent upside=Material |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:technology:006-pencils-paper-and-school-things.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/technology/6-pencils-paper-and-school-things/9/