Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow, sentence 2
Ukrainian grannies also fear the protYah, a draught, and shut every window, believing it "will make you ill"; doctors say colds come from germs, not from moving air, but you just smile and close the window.
Who acts: Ukrainian grannies, doctors, colds, you · What happens: fear, shut, believe, make, say, come · To what, where: protYah, window, you, germs, air · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow» of the ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ukrainian grannies, doctors, colds, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukrainian | ukrainian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 grannies | amod |
| 2 | grannies | granny | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 fear | nsubj |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 fear | advmod |
| 4 | fear | fear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 protYah | det |
| 6 | protYah | protyah | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fear | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 draught | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 draught | det |
| 9 | draught | draught | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 protYah | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 shut | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 shut | cc |
| 12 | shut | shut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 fear | conj |
| 13 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 14 window | det |
| 14 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shut | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 believing | punct |
| 16 | believing | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 shut | advcl |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 believing | obj |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 make | punct |
| 19 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 make | aux |
| 20 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 believing | ccomp |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 make | obj |
| 22 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 make | xcomp |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 make | punct |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 say | punct |
| 25 | doctors | doctor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 say | nsubj |
| 26 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fear | parataxis |
| 27 | colds | cold | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 come | nsubj |
| 28 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 say | ccomp |
| 29 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 germs | case |
| 30 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 come | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 moving | punct |
| 32 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 moving | advmod |
| 33 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 34 moving | mark |
| 34 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 say | advcl |
| 35 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 moving | obj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 smile | punct |
| 37 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 40 smile | cc |
| 38 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 40 smile | nsubj |
| 39 | just | just | ADV | _ | 40 smile | advmod |
| 40 | smile | smile | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 fear | conj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 close | cc |
| 42 | close | close | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 smile | conj |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 window | det |
| 44 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 close | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 fear | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fear | present | Ukrainian grannies | the protYah and a draught | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer protyah=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | shut | participle | Ukrainian grannies not said here | every window | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent window=Patient | ||||
| 3 | believe | gerund | Ukrainian grannies not said here | window | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | make in a quote | future | you | ill property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | present | doctors | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | come | present | colds | germs | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from germ=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | not move | gerund | doctors not said here | air | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent air=Theme | ||||
| 8 | smile | present | you | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | close | present | you not said here | the window | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:ukrainian-street:024-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow/2/