Friendly name-calling and real insults (meanings only), sentence 5
"durnyk" means "silly, dummy"; among friends it is said laughing, but said angrily it hurts, and it is never said to adults.
Who acts: durnyk, silly · What happens: mean, say, laugh, hurt, not say · To what, where: silly, adults · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Friendly name-calling and real insults (meanings only)» of the ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (durnyk, silly), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 durnyk | punct |
| 2 | durnyk | durnyk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 means | nsubj |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 durnyk | punct |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 silly | punct |
| 6 | silly | silly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 means | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 dummy | punct |
| 8 | dummy | dummy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 silly | appos |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 dummy | punct |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 friends | punct |
| 11 | among | among | ADP | _ | 12 friends | case |
| 12 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 said | obl |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 said | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 said | aux:pass |
| 15 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 means | parataxis |
| 16 | laughing | laugh | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 said | xcomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 said | punct |
| 18 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 said | cc |
| 19 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 means | conj |
| 20 | angrily | angrily | ADV | _ | 19 said | advmod |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 hurts | nsubj |
| 22 | hurts | hurt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 said | ccomp |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 said | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 said | cc |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 said | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 said | aux:pass |
| 27 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 28 said | advmod |
| 28 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 said | conj |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 30 adults | case |
| 30 | adults | adult | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 said | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 means | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | durnyk | silly | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silly=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present · passive | silly | among friends | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | laugh | gerund | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | durnyk not said here | angrily property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | hurt | present | silly | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 6 | not say speech: assert | present · passive | silly | adults | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Topic to adult=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:ukrainian-street:026-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/ukrainian-street/26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults/5/