Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet, sentence 2

People also used signals that travel by sight or sound — beacon fires on hilltops, smoke and drums — but these could carry only simple messages agreed in advance.

Who acts: People, signals, these · What happens: use, travel, sound, carry, agree · To what, where: signals, beacon fires, hilltops, simple messages, advance

This is a sentence of the lesson «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, signals, these), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	nsubj
2	also	also	ADV	_	3 used	advmod
3	used	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 used	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 travel	nsubj
6	travel	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 signals	acl:relcl
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 sight	case
8	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 travel	obl
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 sound	cc
10	sound	sound	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 travel	conj
11	—	-	PUNCT	_	13 fires	punct
12	beacon	beacon	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 fires	compound
13	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 sound	obj
14	on	on	ADP	_	15 hilltops	case
15	hilltops	hilltop	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 fires	nmod
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 smoke	punct
17	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 hilltops	appos
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 drums	cc
19	drums	drum	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 smoke	conj
20	—	-	PUNCT	_	24 carry	punct
21	but	but	CCONJ	_	24 carry	cc
22	these	this	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	24 carry	nsubj
23	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 carry	aux
24	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 used	conj
25	only	only	ADV	_	26 simple	advmod
26	simple	simple	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 messages	amod
27	messages	message	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 carry	obj
28	agreed	agree	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 messages	acl
29	in	in	ADP	_	30 advance	case
30	advance	advance	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 agreed	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 used	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	use	past	People	signals			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Patient
2	travel	present	signals			by sight	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sight=Trajectory
3	sound	infinitive	signals not said here	beacon fires	hilltops		vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fire=Theme
4	carry	could	these	simple messages			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme
5	agree speech: agree	participle		simple messages not said here	advance		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/2/