Quarter past, quarter to, and how people really say the time, sentence 8
Some time words are fuzzy or old: a Scottish gran's "the back of nine" means just after nine, and an old book's "five and twenty past four" is 4:25, because old English could say the small number first.
Who acts: time words, back, old English · What happens: be, mean, say · To what, where: 4:25, small number · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Quarter past, quarter to, and how people really say the time» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (time words, back, old English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 words | det |
| 2 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 words | compound |
| 3 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fuzzy | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fuzzy | cop |
| 5 | fuzzy | fuzzy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 old | cc |
| 7 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 fuzzy | conj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 means | punct |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 gran | det |
| 10 | Scottish | Scottish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 gran | amod |
| 11 | gran | gran | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 back | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 gran | case |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 back | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 back | det |
| 15 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 means | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 nine | case |
| 17 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 15 back | nmod |
| 18 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 back | punct |
| 19 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fuzzy | parataxis |
| 20 | just | just | ADV | _ | 22 nine | advmod |
| 21 | after | after | ADP | _ | 22 nine | case |
| 22 | nine | nine | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 means | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 book | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 book | cc |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 book | det |
| 26 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 book | amod |
| 27 | book | book | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fuzzy | conj |
| 28 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 27 book | case |
| 29 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 five | punct |
| 30 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 27 book | appos |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 twenty | cc |
| 32 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 five | conj |
| 33 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 four | amod |
| 34 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 five | nmod |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 37 4:25 | punct |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 4:25 | cop |
| 37 | 4:25 | 4:25 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 fuzzy | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 say | punct |
| 39 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 43 say | mark |
| 40 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 English | amod |
| 41 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 say | nsubj |
| 42 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 say | aux |
| 43 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 4:25 | advcl |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 number | det |
| 45 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 number | amod |
| 46 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 say | obj |
| 47 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 43 say | advmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fuzzy | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=narrator
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | some time words | fuzzy property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | some time words not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | mean | present | a Scottish gran's back of nine | after nine | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | some time words not said here | 4:25 | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | could | old English | the small number | first property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent number=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/102-quarter-past-quarter-to-saying-the-time/8/