Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps", sentence 7
This year minus your birth year gives the age you reach on this year's birthday: Charlie, born in December 2016, is 2026 − 2016 = 10 only after his December birthday; before that he is still 9.
Who acts: year, you, Charlie · What happens: give, reach, bear, be · To what, where: age, birthday, Charlie, 2026
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birthdays, ages and "how many sleeps"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (year, you, Charlie), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 year | det |
| 2 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gives | nsubj |
| 3 | minus | minus | ADP | _ | 6 year | case |
| 4 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 year | nmod:poss |
| 5 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 year | compound |
| 6 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 year | nmod |
| 7 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 age | det |
| 9 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gives | obj |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 11 reach | nsubj |
| 11 | reach | reach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 age | acl:relcl |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 birthday | case |
| 13 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 year | det |
| 14 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 birthday | nmod:poss |
| 15 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 14 year | case |
| 16 | birthday | birthday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 reach | obl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 Charlie | punct |
| 18 | Charlie | Charlie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 birthday | appos |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 born | punct |
| 20 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 Charlie | acl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 December | case |
| 22 | December | December | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 born | obl |
| 23 | 2016 | 2016 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 December | nmod:unmarked |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 2026 | punct |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 2026 | cop |
| 26 | 2026 | 2026 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 gives | obl |
| 27 | − | − | SYM | _ | 28 2016 | case |
| 28 | 2016 | 2016 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 2026 | nmod |
| 29 | = | = | SYM | _ | 30 10 | case |
| 30 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 2026 | nmod |
| 31 | only | only | ADV | _ | 35 birthday | advmod |
| 32 | after | after | ADP | _ | 35 birthday | case |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 birthday | nmod:poss |
| 34 | December | December | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 birthday | compound |
| 35 | birthday | birthday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 10 | nmod |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 9 | punct |
| 37 | before | before | ADP | _ | 42 9 | case |
| 38 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 before | fixed |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 9 | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 9 | cop |
| 41 | still | still | ADV | _ | 42 9 | advmod |
| 42 | 9 | 9 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 7 gives | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 gives | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present | this year minus your birth year | the age | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme | ||||
| 2 | reach | present | you | the age not said here | this year's birthday | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent age=Theme | |||
| 3 | bear | participle | Charlie not said here | december | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | 2026 | − 2016; = 10 after Charlie's December birthday | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is | present | Charlie | before 9; still | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/114-birthdays-ages-and-how-many-sleeps/7/