Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 2
About 3,500 years ago the ancient Egyptians used shadow clocks and split the day into 12 hours, one reason our clocks still show 12.
Who acts: ancient Egyptians, clocks · What happens: use, split, show · To what, where: shadow clocks, one reason, 12
This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient Egyptians, clocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 2 3,500 | advmod |
| 2 | 3,500 | 3500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 years | nummod |
| 3 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 8 used | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Egyptians | det |
| 6 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 Egyptians | amod |
| 7 | Egyptians | Egyptian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 8 used | nsubj |
| 8 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | shadow | shadow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 clocks | compound |
| 10 | clocks | clock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 used | obj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 split | cc |
| 12 | split | split | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 used | conj |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 day | det |
| 14 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 split | obj |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 hours | case |
| 16 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 17 hours | nummod |
| 17 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 split | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 reason | punct |
| 19 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 reason | nummod |
| 20 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 split | obl |
| 21 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 clocks | nmod:poss |
| 22 | clocks | clock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 show | nsubj |
| 23 | still | still | ADV | _ | 24 show | advmod |
| 24 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 reason | acl:relcl |
| 25 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 show | obj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 used | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past | the ancient Egyptians | shadow clocks | ago property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient | |||
| 2 | split | past | the ancient Egyptians not said here | one reason | day; hour | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 3 | show | present | our clocks | 12 | still | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent 12=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/2/