Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses, sentence 3

But a shadow needs sunshine, so for nights and cloudy days people made water clocks: a pot with a small hole and lines inside, the water level falling past a mark each hour.

Who acts: shadow, people, water level · What happens: need, make, fall · To what, where: sunshine, water clocks, mark

This is a sentence of the lesson «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shadow, people, water level), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	But	but	CCONJ	_	4 needs	cc
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 shadow	det
3	shadow	shadow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	nsubj
4	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	obj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 made	punct
7	so	so	ADV	_	14 made	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 nights	case
9	nights	night	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 made	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 days	cc
11	cloudy	cloudy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 days	amod
12	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 nights	conj
13	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 made	nsubj
14	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 needs	parataxis
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 clocks	compound
16	clocks	clock	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 made	obj
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 clocks	punct
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 pot	det
19	pot	pot	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 clocks	appos
20	with	with	ADP	_	23 hole	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 hole	det
22	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 hole	amod
23	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 pot	nmod
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 lines	cc
25	lines	line	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 hole	conj
26	inside	inside	ADV	_	25 lines	advmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 inside	punct
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	30 level	det
29	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 level	compound
30	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 hole	nmod
31	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 level	acl
32	past	past	ADP	_	34 mark	case
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 mark	det
34	mark	mark	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 falling	obl
35	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	36 hour	det
36	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 falling	obl:unmarked
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 needs	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	need	present	a shadow	sunshine			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot sunshine=Theme
2	make	past	people	water clocks		night	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Product
3	fall	gerund	the water level not said here		a mark	hour	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme past mark=Initial_Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:122-clocks-before-clocks.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/3/