Pendulums, Greenwich and railway time, atomic clocks and phones, sentence 7
Trains needed one time, so British railways used London time from the 1840s, and in 1884 countries chose Greenwich as 0 degrees longitude, the Prime Meridian, from which time zones are counted.
Who acts: Trains, British railways, countries · What happens: need, use, choose, count · To what, where: 1840s, Greenwich, 1884, time zones, Prime Meridian
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pendulums, Greenwich and railway time, atomic clocks and phones» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trains, British railways, countries), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Trains | train | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 needed | nsubj |
| 2 | needed | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 time | nummod |
| 4 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 needed | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 used | punct |
| 6 | so | so | ADV | _ | 9 used | advmod |
| 7 | British | British | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 railways | amod |
| 8 | railways | railway | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 used | nsubj |
| 9 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 needed | conj |
| 10 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 time | compound |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 used | obj |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 1840s | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 1840s | det |
| 14 | 1840s | 1840 | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 9 used | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 chose | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 chose | cc |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 1884 | case |
| 18 | 1884 | 1884 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 chose | obl |
| 19 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 chose | nsubj |
| 20 | chose | choose | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 needed | conj |
| 21 | Greenwich | Greenwich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 chose | obj |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 25 longitude | case |
| 23 | 0 | 0 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 24 degrees | nummod |
| 24 | degrees | degree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 longitude | compound |
| 25 | longitude | longitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 chose | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Meridian | punct |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 Meridian | det |
| 28 | Prime | prime | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 Meridian | amod |
| 29 | Meridian | Meridian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 longitude | appos |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 counted | punct |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 which | case |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 counted | obl |
| 33 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 zones | compound |
| 34 | zones | zone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 counted | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 counted | aux:pass |
| 36 | counted | count | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 29 Meridian | acl:relcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 needed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | need | past | Trains | time | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | use | participle | British railways | the 1840s | time | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | choose | past | countries | Greenwich | 1884 | as degrees longitude | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent greenwich=Theme | ||
| 4 | count | present · passive | time zones | the Prime Meridian | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:123-pendulums-greenwich-atomic-clocks.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/123-pendulums-greenwich-atomic-clocks/7/