Climate zones, sentence 1

Near the equator the Sun's rays strike the ground most directly, so it is hot all year; near the poles the rays come in at a low slant and spread their heat thin, so it is cold.

Who acts: rays, ground, Sun · What happens: strike, be, come in, spread, ray, heat · To what, where: ground, equator, poles, heat

This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rays, ground, Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Near	near	ADP	_	3 equator	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 equator	det
3	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strike	obl
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 Sun	det
5	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 rays	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 Sun	case
7	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 strike	nsubj
8	strike	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ground	det
10	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 strike	obj
11	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	12 directly	advmod
12	directly	directly	ADV	_	8 strike	advmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 hot	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	17 hot	advmod
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 hot	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 hot	cop
17	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 strike	conj
18	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	19 year	det
19	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 hot	obl:unmarked
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	26 come	punct
21	near	near	ADP	_	23 poles	case
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 poles	det
23	poles	pole	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 come	obl
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 rays	det
25	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 come	nsubj
26	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 strike	parataxis
27	in	in	ADV	_	26 come	advmod
28	at	at	ADP	_	31 slant	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 slant	det
30	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 slant	amod
31	slant	slant	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 come	obl
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 spread	cc
33	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 come	conj
34	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	35 heat	nmod:poss
35	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 spread	obj
36	thin	thin	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 heat	amod
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 cold	punct
38	so	so	ADV	_	41 cold	advmod
39	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	41 cold	nsubj
40	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 cold	cop
41	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 strike	conj
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 strike	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	present	the Sun's rays	the ground	the equator		directly property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ground=Patient
2	is	present	ground			year	hot property	tree rules
3	come in	present	the rays		the poles		at a low slant	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near pole=Location
4	spread	present	the rays not said here	rays's heat				vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location heat=Theme
5	is	present	ground				cold property	tree rules
6	ray		the Sun					nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
7	heat		rays = ray					nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:016-climate-zones.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/16-climate-zones/1/