"How do you know?", sentence 16
Anyone can make a poster, so ask who made it and why; a poster from someone selling something might not tell the whole truth.
Who acts: Anyone, poster · What happens: make, ask, sell, not tell · To what, where: poster, excitement, something, whole truth · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Anyone, poster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 3 make | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 make | aux |
| 3 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 poster | det |
| 5 | poster | poster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 make | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 ask | punct |
| 7 | so | so | ADV | _ | 8 ask | advmod |
| 8 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 make | parataxis |
| 9 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 made | nsubj |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 ask | ccomp |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 made | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 why | cc |
| 13 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 10 made | conj |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 poster | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 poster | det |
| 16 | poster | poster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 tell | nsubj |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 someone | case |
| 18 | someone | someone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 16 poster | nmod |
| 19 | selling | sell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 someone | acl |
| 20 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 19 selling | obj |
| 21 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 tell | aux |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 tell | advmod |
| 23 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 make | parataxis |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 truth | det |
| 25 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 truth | amod |
| 26 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 tell | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 make | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | can | Anyone | a poster | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poster=Product | ||||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | infinitive | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 3 | make | past | excitement | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product | |||||
| 4 | sell | gerund | something | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme | |||||
| 5 | not tell speech: assert | might | a poster from someone | the whole truth | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/16/