"How do you know?", sentence 20
Words people use: "my guy" means mate; "innit" (London) means "isn't it"; "got played" means got tricked; "sus" means suspicious; "missy" is what grown-ups call a cheeky girl; "rad" (US, older) means great; "bummer" (US, older) means "what a shame"; "dead" (Liverpool) means very.
Who acts: people, guy, innit, sus, missy, grown ups · What happens: use, mean, not be, play, get, trick · To what, where: Words, mate, innit, cheeky girl, bummer · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, guy, innit, sus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 means | dislocated |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 use | nsubj |
| 3 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Words | acl:relcl |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 means | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 guy | punct |
| 6 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 guy | nmod:poss |
| 7 | guy | guy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 means | nsubj |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 guy | punct |
| 9 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 use | parataxis |
| 10 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 means | obj |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 innit | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 innit | punct |
| 13 | innit | innit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 means | nsubj |
| 14 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 innit | punct |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 16 London | punct |
| 16 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 use | parataxis |
| 17 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 16 London | punct |
| 18 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 it | punct |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 it | cop |
| 21 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 it | advmod |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 means | expl |
| 23 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 played | punct |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 played | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 played | punct |
| 26 | got | get | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 played | aux:pass |
| 27 | played | play | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 it | parataxis |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 played | punct |
| 29 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 means | parataxis |
| 30 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 means | ccomp |
| 31 | tricked | trick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 got | xcomp |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 means | punct |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 sus | punct |
| 34 | sus | sus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 means | nsubj |
| 35 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 sus | punct |
| 36 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 means | parataxis |
| 37 | suspicious | suspicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 means | xcomp |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 43 what | punct |
| 39 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 missy | punct |
| 40 | missy | missy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 what | nsubj |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 40 missy | punct |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 what | cop |
| 43 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 means | conj |
| 44 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 46 ups | amod |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 grown | punct |
| 46 | ups | up | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 call | nsubj |
| 47 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 what | acl:relcl |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 girl | det |
| 49 | cheeky | cheeky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 girl | amod |
| 50 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 call | obj |
| 51 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 53 rad | punct |
| 52 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 rad | punct |
| 53 | rad | rad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 means | nsubj |
| 54 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 rad | punct |
| 55 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 56 US | punct |
| 56 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 means | nsubj |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 older | punct |
| 58 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 56 US | conj |
| 59 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 56 US | punct |
| 60 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 means | parataxis |
| 61 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 means | xcomp |
| 62 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 64 bummer | punct |
| 63 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 bummer | punct |
| 64 | bummer | bummer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 means | obj |
| 65 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 64 bummer | punct |
| 66 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 67 US | punct |
| 67 | US | US | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 means | obj |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 means | punct |
| 69 | older | old | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 71 means | advcl |
| 70 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 69 older | punct |
| 71 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 67 US | acl:relcl |
| 72 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 79 dead | punct |
| 73 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 79 dead | nsubj |
| 74 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 75 shame | det |
| 75 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 dead | nsubj |
| 76 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 79 dead | punct |
| 77 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 79 dead | punct |
| 78 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 79 dead | punct |
| 79 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 means | nsubj |
| 80 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 79 dead | punct |
| 81 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 82 Liverpool | punct |
| 82 | Liverpool | Liverpool | PROPN | Number=Sing | 79 dead | appos |
| 83 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 82 Liverpool | punct |
| 84 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 71 means | ccomp |
| 85 | very | very | ADV | _ | 84 means | advmod |
| 86 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 means | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | people | Words not said here | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | ||||
| 2 | mean | present | my guy | mate | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mate=Topic | ||||
| 3 | mean | present | innit | Words dislocated | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | not is a in a quote | present | innit | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | play in a quote | past · passive | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V» | ||||||
| 6 | mean | present | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 7 | get | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 8 | trick | participle | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 9 | mean | present | sus | suspicious property | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 10 | is a | present | missy | tree rules | |||||
| 11 | grow | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 12 | call | present | grown ups | a cheeky girl | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent girl=Recipient | ||||
| 13 | mean | present | rad | bummer | great property | tree rules | |||
| 14 | mean | present | US not said here | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 15 | mean | present | dead | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:186-how-do-you-know.lesson:20.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/186-how-do-you-know/20/