One counterexample is enough, sentence 1
Freddie says, "All swans are white." His friend shows a photo of a black swan from Australia.
Who acts: Freddie, swans, friend · What happens: say, be, show · To what, where: photo · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Freddie, swans, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Freddie | Freddie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 says | nsubj |
| 2 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 white | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 white | punct |
| 5 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 swans | det |
| 6 | swans | swan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 white | nsubj |
| 7 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 white | cop |
| 8 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 says | ccomp |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 white | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 shows | punct |
| 11 | His | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 friend | nmod:poss |
| 12 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shows | nsubj |
| 13 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 says | ccomp |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 photo | det |
| 15 | photo | photo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 shows | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 swan | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 swan | det |
| 18 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 swan | amod |
| 19 | swan | swan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 photo | nmod |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 Australia | case |
| 21 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 swan | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 says | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Freddie | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | all swans | white property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | show | present | Freddie's friend | a photo of a black swan from Australia | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent photo=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/1/